Shear Stress

Thus, the maximum shear stress will occur either in the web of maximum shear flow or minimum thickness. Also constructions in soil can fail due to shear; e.g., the weight of an earth-filled dam or dike may cause the subsoil to collapse, like a small landslide. Particularly, the laminar fluid flow over the surface has a zero velocity and shear stress occurs between the zero-velocity surface and the higher-velocity flow away from the surface. The no-slip condition dictates that the speed of the fluid at the boundary (relative to the boundary) is 0, but at some height from the boundary the flow speed must equal that of the fluid. Such a sensor was demonstrated by A. A. Naqwi and W. C. Reynolds 1 . The interference pattern generated by sending a beam of light through two parallel slits forms a network of linearly diverging fringes that seem to originate from the plane of the two slits (see double-slit experiment ). As a particle in a fluid passes through the fringes, a receiver detects the reflection of the fringe pattern. The signal can be processed, and knowing the fringe angle, the height and velocity of the particle can be extrapolated. For bolts and rivets the two plates must be touching, and locked together for the pure shear case to apply. Cantilever beams, consoles and column heads are subject to composite loading, consisting of shear, tensile and compressive stress. Shear stresses within a semi-monocoque structure may be calculated by idealizing the cross-section of the structure into a set of stringers (carrying only axial loads) and webs (carrying only shear flows ). Dividing the shear flow by the thickness of a given portion of the semi-monocoque structure yields the shear stress.

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